The development and production of special springs requires a high degree of technical know-how in order to equip the end product with all the properties that are needed later.
Contents
On machines, devices and equipment or, more generally, on production lines, there are always applications in which certain components are required that have to have a resilient effect. There are often applications in which components are held with a very specific force, but not in such a way that they are completely fixed in a specific position, rather it should still be possible to loosen these components by overcoming the holding force.
In such applications, such challenges can be successfully solved by specially manufactured springs.
For a better understanding of the properties of steels in general and of springs in particular, the following definitions apply:
When a component is subjected to a tensile load, its original length increases. The elongation of a component is defined as the ratio of change in length/original length.
The elongation is therefore a relative change in length without dimensions and is often given in %.
The yield point (also known as the elastic limit) of steel is generally the mechanical stress limit up to which a component can be loaded in order to return to its original shape without permanent deformation after it has been relieved.
The yield point is given in MPa.
Deformations of components with increasing loads are usually recorded in stress-strain diagrams.
The elongation in % is plotted on the abscissa and the stress in MPa on the ordinate.
The tensile strength of a material is the maximum possible stress in the recorded stress-strain curve in the stress-strain diagram.
The tensile strength of a material is given in MPa.
The yield strength ratio of a material is the ratio of its yield strength/tensile strength.
The yield point ratio is therefore a dimensionless parameter of a material and is often given as a percentage.
Spring steels achieve yield point ratios of >85%, while these values are significantly lower for ordinary structural steels.
One of the most important characteristics of springs of any kind is their spring characteristics. This characteristic is defined as the force/displacement. The spring characteristic thus has the dimension N/mm.
A basic distinction is made between the following characteristic curves for springs:
In the case of springs with a linear characteristic, the force/displacement ratio is a constant.
In the case of a spring with a progressive characteristic, the curve in the force-displacement diagram has a convex rise. As the distance increases, there is an associated disproportionate force. The force/displacement ratio increases with increasing displacement.
A spring with a degressive characteristic curve has a concave slope in the force-displacement diagram. An increasing value for the path results in an associated underproportional force. As the path increases, the force/path ratio decreases.
Sometimes it is technically desired that a spring should initially have a linear characteristic up to a certain load. From a certain value for the path, however, this characteristic curve should continue to be linear, but with a greater increase in force.
Such kinked characteristic curves can be achieved, for example, with supports that only become effective when exceeded after certain initial travels.
The design of the cross sections of special springs has a significant influence on their spring properties, in particular on the resulting spring characteristics.
This applies in particular to the design and dimensioning of stamped and bent parts made of spring steel and leaf, flat, form, contact springs and spring clips. Specially manufactured springs of this type usually have to be adapted to the special on-site conditions during subsequent operation. The sensitivity of the production parts that come into contact with such special springs also plays an important role here.
This is particularly the case, for example, with production lines in the medical field.
The table below provides an overview of the most important types of spring steel and their standards and properties:
Material number. | spring steel type | grade | Tensile strength (RM in MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
1.1248 | C75S+LC (ungehärtet) | DIN EN 10132-4 | 490-640 |
1.1248 | C75S+QT (gehärtet) | DIN EN 10132-4 | 1100-2200 |
1.4310 | X10CrNi18-8 | DIN EN 10151 | 1100-2200 |
1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | DIN EN 10151 | 1100-1700 |
1.4568 | X7CrNiAl17-7 | DIN EN 10151 | 1100-1900 |
2.1020 (CM4S2K) | CuSn6 | DIN EN 12166 | to 350-720 |
2.1247 (CW101C) | CuBe2 | EN 12166 | to 410-1500 |
2.4632 (Nimonic 90) | NiCr20Co18Ti | ---- | to 800-1800 |
2.4668 (Inconel 718) | NiCr19NbMo | ---- | to 800-1950 |
2.4669 (Inconel X-750) | NiCr15Fe7TiAl | ---- | to 800-1750 |
In addition to effective surface protection, our numerous variations of leaf, flat, form, contact springs and spring clips should also have a flawless and attractive appearance.
We can offer you an almost unlimited selection of surface coatings, which go far beyond just galvanizing, painting, blackening, phosphating and trowalizing of your parts, either according to customer requirements or according to requirements.
After the constructive optimization of your desired components, the production of special springs at Mario Schaaf GmbH & CO. KG realized on state-of-the-art CNC bending machines according to qualitative and economic aspects. Our flexibility enables us to manufacture large series as well as smaller quantities.
With the extensive know-how of our experienced employees, we manufacture smaller series of special parts for which it is not possible to use series tools economically. The molds and dies required for this can then be produced using CAD/CAM processes and are given an optimal finish by a toolmaker. In this way, we ensure longevity and extreme repeatability.
In addition to virtual support from modern CAD systems, the optimization and constructive design of special springs of all kinds also requires numerical help from suitable and powerful finite element programs.
We, Mario Schaaf GmbH & CO. KG have committed us as a manufacturer of special springs to the development and production of special springs of all kinds. Quality, customer service and customer satisfaction are our top priorities.
Contact us anytime and let us solve all your clamping and fixing problems. Like many other customers before you, you will be amazed by our services.
The development and production of special springs requires a high degree of technical know-how in order to equip the end product with all the properties that are needed later.
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