Probably the best-known use of a torsion spring is the torsion bar, a torsion bar that was invented by Ferdinand Porsche and patented by him in 1931. Since then, the torsion bar has been used as a cost-effective spring element, especially in automobile construction. In addition to this type of use, torsion springs can also be found in industrial and plant construction and provide their reliable service in millions of garage doors. A look at a classic of technical springs.
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The name torsion spring comes from the required property that this technical spring must fulfil. Twisting means "twisting" or "twisting".
Thus, a torsion spring is a type of spring that is used to provide continuous rotary motion. Torsion describes the turning or twisting of a body. When a body is twisted (twisted), that moment is called the torsional moment. If you take a rod and try to twist it perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis with a lever, a torsional moment acts on it.
Usually torsion springs consist of ribbons, rods or wires with a round cross-section. When in use, they carry out permanent rotary movements. The outer sides of the torsion springs are attached to a component. These two sides then perform the rotating or pivoting movement against each other. This means that the body axes are twisted. The torsional moment mentioned above.
The diverse application possibilities of these spring constructions require a precise configuration and torsion spring calculation for the spring production.
The spring rate (also spring constant) describes the torsional stress. Wire thickness, angle of rotation, torque, mandrel diameter, winding diameter, winding direction and many other criteria must be calculated precisely. There are many parameters that are critical in the manufacture of torsion springs.
The material and the basic shape of the spring already make a general difference. In addition to straight torsion springs, which are referred to as rod or torsion bar springs, there are also versions as coil springs, which are characterized by their coiled shape.
Torsion springs are mostly used where torque needs to be generated or where rotational energy needs to be collected. For example, torsion springs are used for hinges, counterweights, and lever retracts.
The different areas of application in industrial and plant engineering, but also in the automotive industry, require different spring designs.
As the name suggests, the bar spring has a stretched, bar-shaped structure. A shear stress arises as soon as this rod is twisted around its longitudinal axis. Important for the calculation of the torsion spring: The shear stress increases with the cross-section radius and is proportional to the torsional moment. The shear stress distribution is rotationally symmetrical in the cross-section of the bar.
Bar springs are used as stabilizers for vehicle suspension, as torsion pendulums in mechanical clocks and as torsion strips in moving-coil measuring instruments.
They are wound from spring steel wire in a helical shape. "Pull" or "compression" are functions that generally distinguish coil springs:
Tension springs
Tension springs are pulled apart according to their designation. Tension springs are cylindrical coil springs that store energy that is utilized through pulling force.
Compression springs
Compression springs, on the other hand, are compressed. Compression springs are cylindrical coil springs that resist an applied pressure.
The stress distribution makes a decisive difference between bar springs and coil springs. In helical springs, the stress distribution is not rotationally symmetrical. Since the tension of the concave edge fibers is increased, correction factors must be used to compensate. This specific torsion spring load is taken into account during production. This is because if heat is not applied when the bend is made, the allowable stress will be reduced.
In today's industrial world, consistent high-tech quality and uncompromising precision are essential. The highest customer demands have therefore become the standard for Schaaf.
We know the dynamics of the application areas of torsion springs. Precision and quality are our top priority in all tasks. Schaaf is the right address for anyone who wants tension springs, compression springs and torsion springs with sustainable and forward-looking characteristics. Ask us!
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